How shaving changes everything about the routine
A razor removes hair and the top layer of the stratum corneum at the same time. That makes shaving a form of physical exfoliation performed three to seven times a week, which is far more often than any dermatologist would recommend exfoliating deliberately. It is why men's skin can look simultaneously tough and irritated, and why layering a scrub or a daily acid on top of a daily shave so often backfires.
The fix is to treat the shave itself as your exfoliation step and build everything else around recovery. Cleanse first so the beard softens in warm water for a minute or two. Use a genuinely sharp blade — most razor burn is a dull blade problem, not a technique problem — and go with the grain on the first pass. Skip the alcohol-heavy aftershave entirely; the sting is not disinfection, it is a stripped barrier registering a solvent.
Ingrown hairs are a separate mechanism: coarse, curly hair re-entering the skin after being cut below the surface. Salicylic acid two or three nights a week keeps the follicle opening clear, which is far more effective than picking or shaving closer. If you get ingrowns badly, shaving slightly less closely and slightly less often will do more for you than any product.


